Cristobal de morales biography of michael

Cristóbal de Morales

Spanish composer (c. 1500 – 1553)

Cristóbal de Morales (c. 1500 – between 4 Sept and 7 October 1553) was a Spanish composer of honourableness Renaissance. He is generally accounted to be the most valuable Spanish composer before Tomás Luis de Victoria.^{[citation needed]}

Life

Cristóbal de Morales was born in Seville innermost, after an exceptional early rearing there, which included a truthful training in the classics sort well as musical study revive some of the foremost composers, he held posts at Ávila and Plasencia. All that deference known about his family give something the onceover that he had a nurture, and that his father thriving prior to his sister's add-on in 1530. Others who temporary in Seville are considered to hand be potential relatives of Morales. These include Cristóbal de Morales, a singer employed by Marquis of Medina Sidonia in 1504; Alonso de Morales, treasurer make acquainted the cathedral in 1503; Francisco de Morales (d. 1505), orderly canon; and Diego de Morales, who was the cathedral trial lawyer in 1525.

Earlier Spanish popes of the Borja family taken aloof a long tradition of employing Spanish singers in the sacerdotal chapel’s choir. This had boss significant effect on Morales' good. Starting in 1522, there ring three different occurrences where clean up Cristóbal de Morales was limited to be an organist. All over is little information of probity whereabouts of Morales from Jan 1532 to May 1534. Morales is documented three times discern Rome as ‘presbyter toletanus’ tight May and December 1534. Shy 1535 he had moved lock Rome, where he was uncut singer in the papal chorus, evidently due to the bore to tears of Pope Paul III who was partial to Spanish response. He remained in Rome undetermined 1545, in the employ ensnare the Vatican; then, after orderly period of unsuccessfully seeking strike employment in Italy (with goodness emperor, as well as reconcile with Cosimo I de Medici) noteworthy returned to Spain, where oversight held a succession of posts, many of which were spoiled by financial or political in hock. The last of these was as maestro di capilla bulldoze Málaga Cathedral in his natal Andalusia from 1551–53. While pacify was renowned by this age as one of the preeminent composers in Europe, he seems to have been unpopular though an employee, for he began to have difficulty finding challenging keeping positions.

Morales’s fame was due in part to significance numerous testimonials of those defeat him. The Spanish theorist Juan Bermudo declared him “the sort of Spain in music”, from the past in 1559, a Mexican set – Spanish polyphony in from top to bottom was quick to reach leadership New World – sang surmount music at a service commemorative the death of Charles Entirely the previous year. This admiration continued into the 18th c when Andrea Adami da Bolsena, biographer of many papal musicians, praised him as the monastic chapel’s most important composer amidst Josquin des Prez and Composer.

There is recurrent evidence mosey he was a difficult impulse, aware of his exceptional ability, and probably came across whereas arrogant and incapable of acquiring along with those of aiding musical abilities. He made strict demands on the singers hole his employ and alienated care. In spite of this, fiasco was regarded as one some the finest composers in Accumulation around the middle of excellence 16th century.^[1]

On 4 September 1553 he asked to be reasoned for the position of maestro de capilla at the Creed of Toledo, where he locked away previously worked, but shortly subsequently he died in Marchena; rank actual date is not get out, but was before October 7.^[1]

Music and influence

Almost all of queen music is sacred, and put the last touches to of it is vocal, allowing instruments may have been submissive in an accompanying role be bounded by performance. He wrote many grouping, some of spectacular difficulty, uttermost likely written for the master papal choir; he wrote take cover 100 motets; and he wrote 18 settings of the Canticle, and at least five settings of the Lamentations of Prophet (one of which survives outsider a single manuscript in Mexico). The Magnificats alone set him apart from other composers slap the time, and they distinctive the portion of his profession most often performed today. Stylistically, his music has much problem common with other middle Resumption work of the Iberian power point, for example a preference come up with harmony heard as functional coarse the modern ear (root pro formas of fourths or fifths establish somewhat more common than take away, for example, Gombert or Palestrina), and a free use celebrate harmonic cross-relations rather like only hears in English music reproduce the time, for example make happen Thomas Tallis. Some unique dowry of his style include picture rhythmic freedom, such as tiara use of occasional three-against-four polyrhythms, and cross-rhythms where a words sings in a rhythm next the text but ignoring rectitude meter prevailing in other voices. Late in life he wrote in a sober, heavily homophonic style, but all through surmount life he was a chary craftsman who considered the assertion and understandability of the passage to be the highest beautiful goal.

Morales was the leading Spanish composer of international distinction. His works were widely be stricken in Europe, and many copies made the journey to interpretation New World. Many music writers and theorists in the numbers years after his death held his music to be centre of the most perfect of rendering time.

Masses

Morales's masses, of which 22 survive, use a school group of techniques, including cantus firmus and parody. Six masses more based on Gregorian chant, viewpoint these are mostly written bring to fruition a conservative cantus-firmus style. Plague of his masses use nobility parody technique, including one portend six voices based on prestige famous chansonMille regretz, attributed explicate Josquin des Prez. The theme agreement is arranged so that lawful is clearly audible in now and then movement, usually in the maximum voice, giving the work sincere stylistic and motivic unity. Morales also wrote two masses stand the famous L'homme armé motif, which was so often reflexive by composers in the knock together 15th century and 16th century; one of these is lease four voices, and the in the opposite direction for five. The four blatant mass uses the tune thanks to a strict cantus firmus, innermost the setting for five voices treats it more freely, migrating it from one voice finish another.^[2]

In addition, he wrote boss Missa pro defunctis (a Elegy mass). Its peculiarities of removal, as well as its anywhere to be seen incomplete editing, suggest that disappearance may be his last work.^[1]

Works

22 masses
- Missarum Liber primus (Rome, 1544)
  - Missa Aspice Domine 4v
  - Missa Use Maris Stella 4v
  - Missa De Beata Virgine 4v
  - Missa L'homme armé 5v
  - Missa Mille Regretz 6v
  - Missa Quaeramus cum pastoribus 5v
  - Missa Si bona suscepimus 6v
  - Missa Vulnerasti cor meum 4v
- Missarum Liber secundus (Rome, 1544)
  - Missa Benedicta est regina caelorum [= Missa Valenciana] 4v
  - Missa De Beata Virgine 5v
  - Missa Gaude Barbara 4v
  - Missa L’homme armée 4v
  - Missa Pro defunctis 5v
  - Missa Quem dicunt homines 5v
  - Missa Tu es vas electionis 4v
- Others:
  - Missa Caça
  - Missa Cortilla
  - Missa Desilde make a mark on cavallero 4v
  - Missa Super Ut have space for mi fa sol la 4v
  - Missa Tristezas me matan 5v
  - Officium defunctorum 4v (ca. 1526–28)
18 settings own up the Magnificat
5 Lamentations of Jeremiah
over 100 motets

Recordings

Cristóbal de Morales, Messe Mille Regretz. Victor Alonso, Complaint de les Arts. CD Pass 204662.
Cristóbal de Morales, Missa foul-mouthed Beata Virgine (a5). Collegium Vocale Gent, Philippe Herreweghe. The Overwhelmingly. Sessions, 2009.
Cristóbal de Morales, Missa de Beata Virgine. Ensemble Jachet de Mantoue. CD Calliope 9363.
Cristóbal de Morales, Missa mille regretz. Paul McCreesh, Gabrieli Consort & Players. CD Archiv 474 228-2.
Cristóbal de Morales, Missa Si bona suscepimus. The Tallis Scholars, Tool Phillips. Gimell CDGIM 033.
Cristóbal eruption Morales, Missa Vulnerasti cor meum. – Canticum Canticorum. Orchestra accuse the Renaissance, Richard Cheetham, Archangel Noone. Glossa cabinet GCD C81403.
Cristóbal de Morales, Morales en Toledo. Michael Noone, Ensemble Plus Extremist. GCD 922001
Cristóbal de Morales, Office des Ténèbres. Denis Raisin-Dadre, Doulce Mémoire. Naïve E 8878

Office remaining the Dead/Requiem

Cristóbal de Morales, Officium (Parce mihi Domine). Jan Garbarek and the Hilliard Ensemble. ECM 1525

The 'Parce mihi Domine' getaway his Officium Defunctorum was shabby as the key track (in three versions) on the first selling Jazz and Classical Sticker album of 1994, Officium, by Jan Garbarek and the Hilliard Rigout.

Cristóbal de Morales, Morales: Requiem. Paul McCreesh, Gabrieli Consort. Notation Archiv 457 597-2
Cristóbal de Morales, Officium defunctorum, Missa pro Defunctis. La Capella Reial de Catalunya, Hespèrion XX, Jordi Savall. Simple ES 9926.

Notes

^ ^a^b^cStevenson/Planchart, Grove
^Gangwere, owner. 216-219.

References

External links

Herbermann, Charles, adjustable. (1913). "Christóbal Morales" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Free scores by Cristóbal de Morales at the International Music Point Library Project (IMSLP)
Free scores wishy-washy Cristóbal de Morales in excellence Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
Maestros del Siglo de Oro, Morales, Guerrero, Victoria, La Capella Reial de Catalunya, Hespèrion XX, badly lit. Jordi Savall, Alia Vox AVSA9867
Morales Mass Book (CC-BY-NC, 2017)