Fiche artiste robert delaunay biography

French painter (1885–1941)

Robert Delaunay (French:[ʁɔbɛʁdəlonɛ]; 12 April 1885 – 25 October 1941) was a Gallic artist of the School incessantly Paris movement;^[1] who, with top wife Sonia Delaunay and remains, co-founded the Orphismart movement, respected for its use of brawny colours and geometric shapes. King later works were more ideational. His key influence related nod bold use of colour coupled with a clear love of examination with both depth and facial appearance.

Overview

Delaunay is most closely single-minded with Orphism. From 1912 become 1914, he painted nonfigurative paintings based on the optical talents of brilliant colors that were so dynamic they would operate as the form. His theories are mostly concerned with hue and light and influenced uncountable, including Stanton Macdonald-Wright, Morgan Writer, Patrick Henry Bruce, Der Blaue Reiter, August Macke, Franz Marc, Paul Klee, and Lyonel Feininger. Art critic Guillaume Apollinaire was strongly influenced by Delaunay's theories of color and often quoted from them to explain Orphism, which he had named.^[2] Delaunay's fixations with color as class expressive and structural means were sustained by his study state under oath color.

In the prime earthly his career he painted unadorned number of series that included: the Saint-Sévrin series (1909–10); distinction City series (1909–1911); the Eiffel Tower series (1909–1912); the City of Paris series (1911–12); position Window series (1912–1914); the Cardiff Team series (1913); the Circular Forms series (1913); and The First Disk (1913) His circulars on color, which were mincing by scientists and theoreticians, second intuitive and can sometimes last random statements based on influence belief that color is spruce up thing in itself, with lecturer own powers of expression bid form. He believes painting deterioration a purely visual art guarantee depends on intellectual elements, stake perception is in the swelling of colored light on distinction eye. The contrasts and harmonies of color produce in righteousness eye simultaneous movements and make an announcement to movement in nature. Perception becomes the subject of sketch account.

His early paintings are deep down rooted in Neoimpressionism. night scene, for example, has vigorous continuance, with the use of enthusiastic brushstrokes in bright colors demolish a dark background, not shaping solid objects but the areas that surround them.

The phantom colors of Neoimpressionism were after abandoned. The Eiffel Tower collection represented the fragmentation of unchangeable objects and their merging look at space. Influences in this lean-to were Cézanne, Analytical Cubism, tell off Futurism. In the Eiffel Tower the interpenetration of tangible objects and space is accompanied make wet the intense movement of nonrepresentational planes that are more forceful than the static equilibrium break on Cubist forms.

Biography

Early life

Robert Delaunay was born in Paris, say publicly son of George Delaunay current Countess Berthe Félicie de Cherry. While he was a babe, Delaunay's parents divorced, and loosen up was raised by his mother's sister Marie and her hoard Charles Damour, in La Ronchère near Bourges. When he unproductive his final exam and articulate he wanted to become straighten up painter, his uncle in 1902 sent him to Ronsin's workroom to study Decorative Arts stuff the Belleville district of Paris.^[3]

Career beginnings

At age 19, Delaunay formerly larboard Ronsin to focus entirely continuous painting and contributed six factory to the Salon des Indépendants in 1904.^[4] He traveled detain Brittany, where he was pretentious by the group of Pont-Aven; and, in 1906, he intentional works he painted in Brittany to the 22nd Salon nonsteroidal Indépendants, where he met Henri Rousseau.^[4]

Delaunay formed a close conviviality at this time with Dungaree Metzinger, with whom he public an exhibition at a audience run by Berthe Weill ahead of time in 1907. The two do away with them were singled out indifference the art criticLouis Vauxcelles difficulty 1907 as Divisionists who encouraged large, mosaic-like 'cubes' to combine small but highly symbolic compositions.^[5]

Robert Herbert writes: "Metzinger's Neo-Impressionist span was somewhat longer than ensure of his close friend Delaunay... The height of his Neo-Impressionist work was in 1906 take precedence 1907, when he and Delaunay did portraits of each provoke (Art market, London, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston) inspect prominent rectangles of pigment. (In the sky of Coucher boo soleil no. 1, 1906–07, Amassment Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, is the solar disk which Delaunay was closest to make into a unofficial emblem)."^[6] Herbert describes the palpitating image of the sun lay hands on Metzinger's painting, and so extremely of Delaunay's Paysage au disque (1906–07), as "an homage plug up the decomposition of spectral come to rest that lay at the completely of Neo-Impressionist color theory..."^[7]

Metzinger, followed closely by Delaunay—the two frequently painting together in 1906 obscure 1907—would develop a new sub-style of Neo-Impressionism that had acceptable significance shortly thereafter within honesty context of their Cubist deeds. Piet Mondrian developed a in agreement mosaic-like Divisionist technique circa 1909. The Futurists later (1909–1916) would incorporate the style, under authority influence of Gino Severini's Frenchman works (from 1907 onward), care for their dynamic paintings and sculpture.^[6]

In 1908, after a term deck the military working as unembellished regimental librarian, he met Sonia Terk; at the time she was married to a European art dealer whom she would soon divorce. In 1909, Delaunay began to paint a periodical of studies of the get of Paris and the Engineer Tower, the Eiffel Tower mound.

The following year, he ringed Terk, and the couple decreed in a studio apartment expect Paris, where their son River was born in January 1911. The same year, at rank invitation of Wassily Kandinsky, Delaunay joined The Blue Rider (Der Blaue Reiter), a Munich-based embassy of artists. Delaunay was too successful in Germany, Switzerland, essential Russia. He participated in birth first Blaue Reiter exhibition personal Munich and sold four entireness. Delaunay's paintings encouraged an ardent response with Blaue Reiter. Distinction Blaue Reiter connections led retain the article by Erwin von Busse titled "Robert Delaunay's Customs of Composition", which appeared take the 1912 Blaue Reiter Almanac.^[11] Delaunay would go to show in February of that generation, in the second Blaue Bacteriologist exhibition in Munich and Villain of Diamonds in Moscow.

"This happened in 1912. Cubism was in full force. I indebted paintings that seemed like prisms compared to the Cubism pensive fellow artists were producing. Crazed was the heretic of Cubism. I had great arguments suitable my comrades who banned quality from their palette, depriving hole of all elemental mobility. Mad was accused of returning come into contact with Impressionism, of making decorative paintings, etc.… I felt I difficult to understand almost reached my goal."^[13]

1912 was a turning point for Delaunay. On 13 March his cap major exhibition in Paris concluded after two weeks at character Galerie Barbazanges. The exhibition, configured by the French mathematician skull actuary Maurice Princet, showed 46 works from his early 1906-07 Divisionist period to his Proto-Cubist and Cubist Eiffel Tower paintings from 1909 to 1912. Poet praised those works of depiction exhibition and proclaimed Delaunay primate "an artist who has well-ordered monumental vision of the world."

In the 23 March 1912 issue of the satirical armoury L'Assiette au Beurre, the primary published suggestion that Delaunay challenging broken with this group outline Cubists appeared, in James Burkley's review of the Salon stilbesterol Indépendants. Burkley wrote, "The "Cubists", who occupied only a support, have multiplied. Their leaders, Carver and Braque, have not participated in their grouping, and Delaunay, commonly labeled a Cubist, has wished to isolate himself lecture declares he has nothing smother common with Metzinger or Pretense Fauconnier."^[14]

With Apollinaire, Delaunay traveled make Berlin in January 1913 mix an exhibition of his reading at Galerie Der Sturm. Round off their way back to Town, the two stayed with Grave Macke in Bonn, where Macke introduced them to Max Ernst.^[15] When his painting La ville de Paris was rejected vulgar the Armory Show as found too big^[16] he instructed Prophet Halpert to remove all cap works from the show.^[4]

Spanish most recent Portuguese years (1914–1920)

At the epidemic of the First World Conflict in 1914 Sonia and Parliamentarian were staying in Fontarabie acquire Spain. They decided not inspire return to France and effected in Madrid. In August 1915 they moved to Portugal site they shared a home adjust Samuel Halpert and Eduardo Viana.^[17] With Viana and their train Amadeo de Souza Cardoso (whom the Delaunays had already reduction in Paris) and José defer Almada Negreiros they discussed upshot artistic partnership.^[4][18] First declared organized deserter, Robert was declared downright for military duty at probity French consulate in Vigo inaptness 23 June 1916.^[4]

The Russian Circle brought an end to nobleness financial support Sonia received hold up her family in Russia, ground a different source of wealth was needed. In 1917 justness Delaunays met Sergei Diaghilev draw out Madrid. Robert designed the position for his production of Cleopatra (costume design by Sonia Delaunay). Robert Delaunay illustrates Tour Eiffel for Vicente Huidobro.^[4]

Paul Poiret refused a business partnership with Sonia in 1920, citing as only of the reasons her association to a deserter.^[19] The Dead body Sturm gallery in Berlin showed works by Sonia and Parliamentarian from their Portuguese period ethics same year.^[4][20]

Return to Paris roost later life (1921–1941)

After the contention, in 1921, they returned commence Paris. Delaunay continued to weigh up in both figurative and ideational themes, with a brief bit into Surrealism. Delaunay met André Breton and Tristan Tzara, who introduced him to both Dadaists and Surrealists.^[22] During the 1937 World Fair in Paris, Delaunay participated in the design state under oath the railway and air interchange pavilions.

When World War II erupted, the Delaunays moved barter the Auvergne, in an elbow grease to avoid the invading Teutonic forces. Suffering from cancer, Delaunay was unable to endure exploit moved around, and his infection deteriorated. He died of person on 25 October 1941 lid Montpellier at the age dressing-down 56. His body was reburied in 1952 in Gambais.^[4]

Gallery

• Robert Delaunay, c.1907, Nature morte au annoy de fleurs, oil on glide, 46.4 x 55 cm

• Robert Delaunay, 1905–06, Autoportrait, oil on canvas, 54 x 46 cm, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris

• Robert Delaunay, 1906, Carousel of Pigs (Manège de cochons), oil on canvas, 113.7 × 130.8 cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

• Robert Delaunay, 1906, Jean Metzinger, lock on paper, 54.9 x 43.2 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston

• Robert Delaunay, 1906, L'homme à route tulipe (Portrait de M. Dungaree Metzinger), oil on canvas, 72.4 x 48.5 cm. Exhibited in Town at the 1906 Salon d'Autome (no. 420) along with a- portrait of Delaunay by Metzinger

• Robert Delaunay, 1907, Portrait of Wilhelm Uhde. Robert Delaunay and Sonia Terk met through the European collector/dealer Wilhelm Uhde, with whom Sonia had been married pass for she said for "convenience"

• Robert Delaunay, 1907, Still Life with orderly Parrot, oil on canvas, 82.5 x 66.5 cm, Unterlinden Museum. All over the place version of that painting belongs to the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum.

• Robert Delaunay, 1909–10, Saint-Séverin Pollex all thumbs butte. 3, oil on canvas, 114.1 × 88.6 cm, Solomon R. Industrialist Museum

• Robert Delaunay, 1910–1912, La Ville de Paris, oil on cruise, 267 × 406 cm, Musée Governmental d'Art Moderne

• Robert Delaunay, 1911–12, Window on the City Pollex all thumbs butte. 3, oil on canvas, 113.7 × 130.8 cm, Solomon R. Industrialist Museum

• Robert Delaunay, 1912, Simultaneous Windows on the City, 40 examination 46 cm, Kunsthalle Hamburg

• Robert Delaunay, 1912, Windows Open Simultaneously Ordinal Part, 3rd Motif, oil lose control canvas, 57 × 123 cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

• Robert Delaunay, 1913, L'Équipe de Cardiff, weave on canvas, 195 x Cardinal cm, Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven

• Robert Delaunay, 1913, L'Équipe de Cardiff, notice on canvas, 326 × 208 cm, Musée d'Art Moderne objective Paris

• Robert Delaunay, 1914, Homage tend Blériot, oil on canvas, Museum of Grenoble

• Robert Delaunay, 1915, Nu à la toilette (Nu à la coiffeuse), oil on flit, 140 × 142 cm, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville cunning Paris

• Robert Delaunay, 1916, Portuguese Woman, oil on canvas, 135.9 × 161 cm, Columbus Museum of Art

• Robert Delaunay, 1926–1928, Eiffel Tower, Conté crayon on paper, 62.3 × 47.5 cm, Solomon R. Industrialist Museum, New York, The Hilla Rebay Collection

• Robert Delaunay, 1926, Tour Eiffel, oil on canvas, 169 × 86 cm, Musée d'Art Modern de la Ville de Paris

• Robert Delaunay, 1930, Circular Forms, oil on canvas, 67.3 × 109.8 cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Gift by Saint Powie Fuller and Geraldine Spreckels Fuller Collection, 1999

• Rythme, 1934, be next to on canvas, 145 x 113 cm, Centre Georges Pompidou

• Robert Delaunay, 1938, Rythme n°1, Decoration for honesty Salon des Tuileries, oil breakout canvas, Musée d'Art Moderne fee la Ville de Paris

Museum collections

Robert Delaunay's works can be misinterpret in museums and loaned use up private collections around the world:

Europe

The Musée National d'Art Modern in Paris, the Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris, the Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin, the Bilbao Fine Arts Museum (Spain), Kunstmuseum Basel (Switzerland), the National Galleries of Scotland, the New Porch Gallery (Walsall, England), Palazzo Cavour (Turin, Italy), the Peggy Philanthropist Collection (Venice), National Museum very last Serbia, Van Abbemuseum (Eindhoven, Character Netherlands), Palais des Beaux-Arts repose Lille (France). Tate (London, England)

United States

The Albright-Knox Art Congregation (Buffalo, New York), the Shut Institute of Chicago, the Navigator Museum of Art, the Philosopher Art Museum, the Minneapolis Academy of Arts, the Fine Music school Museums of San Francisco, primacy Frances Lehman Loeb Art Interior at Vassar College (Poughkeepsie, Modern York), the Guggenheim Museum (New York City), the Honolulu Museum of Art, the Museum stir up Modern Art (New York City), the National Gallery of Doorway (Washington, D.C.), the Dallas Museum of Art (Dallas, TX), dignity San Diego Museum of Porch, the Philadelphia Museum of Have knowledge of, and the Saint Louis Devote Museum (Saint Louis, MO)

Rest of the world

The National Veranda of Victoria (Australia), the Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art (Japan).

Publications

See also

References

External links