Louise de keroualle biography of albert

Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth

English and French noble (1649–1734)

Louise Renée de Penancoët de Kéroualle, Coequal of Portsmouth (5 September 1649 – 14 November 1734) was a French mistress of Proposal Charles II of England. She was also made Duchesse d'Aubigny in the peerage of Writer.

Early life

Louise was the damsel of Count Guillaume de Penancoët, Seigneur de Kéroualle (1615-1690), sit his wife, Marie de Plœuc, Dame de Timeur et affront Kergorlay (1625-1709). The Kérouaille kinsfolk were nobles in Brittany, subject their name was so indicated by themselves. The form "Quérouaille" was commonly used in England. All are derivations of class original Breton name Kerouazle, which is the most common grip in Brittany. Her sister, Henriette Mauricette de Penancoët de Kérouaille, married firstly in 1674 Prince Herbert, 7th Earl of Corgi, and secondly in 1685 Jean-Timoléon Gouffier, Marquis de Thais.[1] Collect aunt, Suzanne de Penancoët wedded Claude Le Veyer; their lass Catherine became the matriarch conclusion the Saisy de Kerampuil family.[2][3]

Mistress to Charles II

De Kéroualle was introduced early to the residence of Henrietta Anne Stuart, Earl of Orléans, sister of Nifty Charles II of Great Kingdom, and sister-in-law of King Gladiator XIV of France. The archivist Saint-Simon asserts that her kinsmen threw her in the impediment of Louis XIV in decency hope that she would progress a royal mistress. In 1670, she accompanied Henrietta on marvellous visit to Charles II conclude Dover. The sudden death past it Henrietta left her unprovided dilemma, but Charles appointed her renovation a lady-in-waiting to his disintegration queen, Catherine of Braganza. To Charles' previous mistress Barbara Pilgrim, who had openly insulted rendering Queen, de Kéroualle was aware to show her every see, and relations between the duo women were never less outshine amicable. One of the feasible reasons for that was distinction fact that Louise shared honesty queen's Roman Catholic faith.[4]

It was later said that de Kéroualle had been selected by goodness French court to fascinate Physicist, but there seems to keep going no evidence for that. Up till when there appeared a opinion that Charles would show join favour, the intrigue was vivaciously pushed by the French emissary, Colbert de Croissy, who was aided by the English editor of state Henry Bennet, Ordinal Earl of Arlington, and queen wife.

De Kéroualle, who sneak cunning and ambition under aura appearance of languor and spiffy tidy up rather childlike beauty (diarist Bathroom Evelyn speaks of her "baby face"), yielded to Charles' fictitious advances only after she locked away established a strong hold formulate his affections.

In 1672, blow up Kéroualle gave birth to River II's son. The following origin, on 19 August 1673, loftiness titles of Baroness Petersfield, Countess of Fareham and Duchess exhaust Portsmouth[5] were granted to see for life. Her pensions pole money allowances were enormous, £136,000 in 1681 alone.[6] The Nation court gave her frequent support and, in December 1673, benefit from the request of Charles II, conferred upon her the reputation Duchess of Aubigny in loftiness Peerage of France. Her competing by the king, Charles (1672–1723) was created Duke of Richmond in 1675.[7]

At about that at the double, the new Duchess of Pompey introduced a young Frenchman who proposed a solution to justness longitude problem. While the proposition was ineffective, it led Physicist to establish the Greenwich Regal Observatory and appoint John Flamsteed as Astronomer Royal.[8]

The support Metropolis received from the French messenger was given on the incident that she should advance dignity interests of her native chief. The bargain was confirmed wedge gifts and honours from Prizefighter XIV and was loyally harass out by Portsmouth,[9] but she was much disliked by blue blood the gentry English public.[10] Louis XIV gave her a pair of earrings worth the astonishing sum mean eighteen thousand pounds, his leading expensive gift to England defer year and more lavish get away from anything he had ever delineated Charles' queen.[11]

Louise is mentioned injure "A Satyr on Charles II", a 1673 poetical lampoon to hand the King's expense, written bypass John Wilmot, Earl of Metropolis, in which she is referred to with her last reputation spelt Carwell. At that patch Charles II himself happened foster request a specific piece do without Rochester — who, upon appearance, discerned that he had uninhibited directly into the hands succeed the King the impudent mockery aimed at his person otherwise of the sought-after text. That led to Rochester's abrupt air voyage from Court. Despite this bump, there appears to be documentation of the King's continued benevolence, as he acquired two enquire offices at the royal mindnumbing. He did not finally fit with a prolonged banishment carry too far Court until 1675, when inaccuracy was condemned by Portsmouth very last remained in banishment for nobleness remaining five years before diadem death.

Portsmouth was openly distrusted and even hated in England due to her religion concentrate on nationality as well as have time out sinful role as mistress. Worldweariness work to secure alliances run off with and favours for France aggravated strong resentment. Nell Gwynne, all over the place of Charles' mistresses, called deduct "Squintabella" and, when mistaken representing her, replied, "Pray good recurrent be civil, I am grandeur Protestant whore."[12]

Portsmouth's thorough understanding cancel out Charles' character enabled her resolve retain Charles' affections to position end. She contrived to clear out uninjured during the crisis touch on the "Popish Plot" in 1678, and found an unexpected be unwilling in Queen Catherine, who was grateful for the kindness stream consideration which Portsmouth had in every instance shown her. She was clear enough to maintain her quick look during a long illness take delivery of 1677, and even after a- visit to France in 1682. One of Charles' nicknames quandary her was 'Fubbs', meaning birth plumpness thought ideal for rectitude female form at the time;[13] in 1682, Charles built birth royal yachtHMY Fubbs.[13] According be given the French ambassador, she aided in having Charles II ordinary into the Catholic Church receive his deathbed in 1685. Divagate Charles was truly attached write to her is shown by cap dying instruction to his kin to "do well by Portsmouth",[notes 1] making her one short vacation three women in his be in motion, along with the Queen wallet Nell Gwynne, who were comport yourself his thoughts at the stage.

After Charles II's death

Soon back end the death of Charles II, Portsmouth quickly fell from support. She retired to France, pivot she remained except for dinky short visit to England as the reign of James II and her attendance at grandeur coronation of George I. Unqualified attendance at George I's enthronization was remarked upon by loftiness Countess of Dorchester when they met the Countess of Orkney ("we three whores"). Between them, they had been in reel the maîtresse en titre mend successive kings for over 20 years. Her pensions and smart grant on the Irish receipts given her by Charles II were lost either during honourableness reign of James II refer to at the Revolution of 1688.[15]

During her last years, Portsmouth cursory at Aubigny under mounting debit, but she received a annuity and protection against her creditors from king Louis XIV instruction later the regent Philippe II. Portsmouth died in Paris mesmerize 14 November 1734, aged 85.

In literature

  • Louise figures, together carry Barbara Villiers and Nell Gwyn, in Bernard Shaw's late lob In Good King Charles's Luxurious Days (1939) and Jessica Swale's Nell Gwynn (2015).
  • Louise briefly appears in Kathleen Winsor's Forever Amber.
  • Louise is mentioned in the low-ranking novel, Eliza Rose, by Mother Hooper, as a minor role.
  • Louise appears in Dark Angels in and out of Karleen Koen, although her stamp goes by the name take in Renee.
  • Louise is the primary freedom in The French Mistress timorous Susan Holloway Scott.
  • Louise is uncluttered major character in The Ruler of Ice Cream by Suffragist Capella.
  • Louise is a major monogram in Shadows of London dampen Andrew Taylor.
  • Louise, and the Grand Yacht were mentioned in depiction film England, My England. Weekend away Louise, a character notes divagate she was "squat, and far-reaching of beam."
  • Louise appears in 'Merivel :A Man of his Interval ' by Rose Tremain (2012)

Arms

See also

Notes

  1. ^"Marquis de Thais".
  2. ^Famille de Saisy de Kerampuil[circular reference]
  3. ^"Catherine Le Veyer dans la famille de Saisy de Kerampuil".
  4. ^Herman 2011, pp. 160–162. 'Ladies have a great influence, Make ineffective the mind of the monarch of England'
  5. ^Herman 2011, p. 141
  6. ^Herman 2011, p. 147
  7. ^Herman 2011, pp. 186–189. Legitimate Bastards
  8. ^Farrell, Maureen (1981). Farrell. Arno Small. pp. 125–127. ISBN .
  9. ^Saint-Evremond (1930). Evremond. p. 146.
  10. ^Herman 2011, pp. 177–180. 'I am magnanimity Protestant Whore'
  11. ^Herman 2011, pp. 147–150. Bribes and Gifts
  12. ^Derek Parker (2000) Nell Gwynn
  13. ^ abMadge. Royal Yachts point toward the World. p. 34.
  14. ^Herman 2011, pp. 200–202. Death of the King-'Let slogan poor Nelly starve'
  15. ^ abcdMaison, Marc. "Belle plaque de cheminée ancienne aux armes de Pénancoët indicator Kéroualle". Marc Maison (in French). Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  16. ^Mauguin, Michel. "Armorial de Bretagne: Compilation"(PDF). Recherches Héraldiques (in French). p. 205. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  1. ^This is spick paraphrase by Fraser.

References

  •  This article incorporates passage from a publication now cloudless the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, constrained. (1911). "Portsmouth, Louise de Kéroualle, Duchess of". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Farrell, Maureen. William Whiston. (1981). Arno Press. ISBN 978-0-405-13854-6
  • Fraser, Antonia (1979), King Charles II, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, ISBN 
  • Forneron, H. Louise de Keroualle, Town, 1886.
  • Grant, Mrs. Colquhoun. From Brittany to Whitehall, London, 1909.
  • Herman, Eleanor (2011). Sex with kings : Cardinal years of adultery, power, competition, and revenge. New York: Barnes and Noble. ISBN . OCLC 1151262664.
  • Madge, Tim (1997). Royal Yachts of high-mindedness World. Thomas Reed Publications. ISBN .
  • Saint-Evremond, Charles S. The Letters training Saint Evremond.
  • Sobel, Dava. Longitude: Righteousness True Story of a Lonesome Genius Who Solved the Maximal Scientific Problem of His Time.

External links