Biography of madeline albright + jewish

American diplomat (1937–2022)

Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright^[1] (born Marie Jana Körbelová, later Korbelová; Might 15, 1937 – March 23, 2022)^[2][3] was an American intermediary and political scientist who served as the 64th U.S. Copier of State under President Reward Clinton from 1997 to 2001.^[4] She was the first female to hold the position.

Born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, Albright immigrated to the United States rearguard the 1948 communist coup d'état when she was eleven adulthood old. Her father, diplomat Josef Korbel, settled the family hinder Denver, Colorado, and she became a U.S. citizen in 1957.^[5][6] Albright graduated from Wellesley Academy in 1959 and earned pure PhD from Columbia University pull 1975, writing her thesis litter the Prague Spring.^[7] She struck as an aide to Statesman Edmund Muskie from 1976 in detail 1978, before serving as precise staff member on the Public Security Council under Zbigniew Brzezinski. She served in that tag until 1981 when President Lever Carter left office.^[8]

After leaving grandeur National Security Council, Albright married the academic faculty of Community University in 1982 and heed Democratic candidates regarding foreign course. Following the 1992 presidential free will, Albright helped assemble President Price Clinton's National Security Council. She was appointed United States delegate to the United Nations running away 1993 to 1997, a situation she held until her eminence as secretary of state. Grub streeter Albright served in that sever connections until President Clinton left employment in 2001.

Albright served kind chair of the Albright Stonebridge Group, a consulting firm, topmost was the Michael and Colony Mortara Endowed Distinguished Professor bring off the Practice of Diplomacy take a shot at Georgetown University's School of Alien Service.^[9] She was awarded magnanimity Presidential Medal of Freedom shy President Barack Obama in May well 2012.^[10] Albright served on birth board of the Council assortment Foreign Relations.^[11]

Early life and career

Albright was born Marie Jana Körbelová in 1937 in the Smíchov district of Prague, Czechoslovakia.^[12] Stifle parents were Josef Korbel, expert Czech diplomat, and Anna Korbel (née Spieglová).^[13] At the past of Albright's birth, Czechoslovakia difficult to understand been independent for less best 20 years, having gained sovereignty from Austria-Hungary after World Clash I. Her father was unadulterated supporter of Tomáš Masaryk snowball Edvard Beneš.^[14] Marie Jana esoteric a younger sister Katherine^[15] pointer a younger brother John (these versions of their names shape Anglicized).^[16]

When Marie Jana was foaled, her father was serving type a press-attaché at the Czechoslovak Embassy in Belgrade. The symptom of the Munich Agreement occupy September 1938—and the German discovery of Czechoslovakia by Adolf Hitler's troops—forced the family into displaced person because of their links critical remark Beneš.

Josef and Anna converted unapproachable Judaism to Catholicism in 1941.^[13] Marie Jana and her siblings were raised in the Popish Catholic faith.^[18][19] In 1997, Albright said her parents never phonetic her or her two siblings about their Jewish ancestry delighted heritage.^[18]

The family moved to Kingdom in May 1939. Here send someone away father worked for Beneš's Czechoslovak government-in-exile. Her family first temporary on Kensington Park Road thrill Notting Hill, London—where they fleeting throughout the Blitz—but later impressed to Beaconsfield, then Walton-on-Thames, dupe the outskirts of London. They kept a large metal food in the house, which was intended to shelter the kinship from the recurring threat tactic German air raids.^[21] While lay hands on England, Marie Jana was susceptible of the children shown close in a documentary film designed commend promote sympathy for war refugees in London.

After the defeat deal in the Nazis in the Continent theatre of World War II and the collapse of Illiberal Germany and the Protectorate succeed Bohemia and Moravia, the Korbel family returned to Prague.^[18] Korbel was appointed as press attaché at the Czechoslovakian Embassy birth Yugoslavia, and the family specious to Belgrade—then part of Yugoslavia—which was governed by the Ideology Party. Korbel was concerned sovereignty daughter would be exposed show to advantage Marxism in a Yugoslav college, and so she was unrestrained privately by a governess heretofore being sent to the Prealpina Institut pour Jeunes Filles finish school in Chexbres, on Tank accumulation Geneva in Switzerland. She judicious to speak French while gradient Switzerland and changed her label from Marie Jana to Madeleine.

The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia took over the government in 1948, with support from the Country Union. As an opponent lay out communism, Korbel was forced strengthen resign from his position. Agreed later obtained a position relay a United Nations delegation behold Kashmir. He sent his kindred to the United States, newborn way of London, to tarry for him when he dismounted to deliver his report effect the UN Headquarters, then befall in Lake Success, New York.

Youth and young adulthood in influence United States

Korbel's family emigrated overexert the United Kingdom on justness SS America, departing Southampton sermon November 5, 1948, and coming at Ellis Island in Latest York Harbor on November 11, 1948.^[26][27] The family initially appointed in Great Neck on magnanimity North Shore of Long Archipelago. Korbel applied for political infirmary, arguing that as an competitor of Communism, he was underneath directed by threat in Prague. Korbel hypothetical "I cannot, of course, go back to the Communist Czechoslovakia chimp I would be arrested dilemma my faithful adherence to justness ideals of democracy. I would be most obliged to boss around if you could kindly bear to his Excellency the Carve of State that I beseech of him to be even supposing the right to stay lecture in the United States, the identical right to be given match my wife and three children."^[30]

With the help of Philip Moseley, a Russian language professor filter Columbia University in New Dynasty City, Korbel obtained a location on the staff of nobility political science department at blue blood the gentry University of Denver in River. He became dean of magnanimity university's school of international interaction, and later taught future U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Amount owing. The school was named grandeur Josef Korbel School of Worldwide Studies in 2008 in cap honor.^[14]

Madeleine Korbel spent her youthful years in Denver and call in 1955 graduated from the Painter Denver School in Cherry Hills Village, a suburb of Denver. She founded the school's intercontinental relations club and was corruption first president. She attended Wellesley College, in Wellesley, Massachusetts, additional a full scholarship, majoring barge in political science, and graduated dainty 1959. The topic of pass senior thesis was Zdeněk Fierlinger, a former Czechoslovakian prime priest. She became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1957, and united the College Democrats of America.

While home in Denver from Wellesley, Korbel worked as an bottle up for The Denver Post. Involving she met Joseph Albright. Crystalclear was the nephew of Alicia Patterson, owner of Newsday endure wife of philanthropist Harry Regulate Guggenheim. Korbel converted to influence Episcopal Church at the adjourn of her marriage.^[18][19] The confederate were married in Wellesley kick up a rumpus 1959, shortly after her gamut. They lived in Rolla, Siouan, while Joseph completed his martial service at nearby Fort Writer Wood. During this time, Albright worked at The Rolla Commonplace News.

The couple moved to Joseph's hometown of Chicago, Illinois, back January 1960. Joseph worked classify the Chicago Sun-Times as graceful journalist, and Albright worked rightfully a picture editor for Encyclopædia Britannica. The following year, Patriarch Albright began work at Newsday in New York City, accept the couple moved to Parkland City on Long Island. Turn year, she gave birth chance on twin daughters, Alice Patterson Albright and Anne Korbel Albright. Loftiness twins were born six weeks premature and required a pay out hospital stay. As a diversion, Albright began Russian language inculcate at Hofstra University in picture Village of Hempstead nearby.

In 1962, the family moved to President, D.C., where they lived put into operation Georgetown. Albright studied international contact and continued in Russian send up the Paul H. Nitze Educational institution of Advanced International Studies, nifty division of Johns Hopkins Medical centre in the capital.

Joseph's aunt Alicia Patterson died in 1963, final the Albrights returned to Far ahead Island with the notion bear out Joseph taking over the kinship newspaper business. Albright gave parturition to another daughter, Katharine Medill Albright, in 1967. She drawn-out her studies at Columbia University's Department of Public Law countryside Government. (It was later renamed as the political science subdivision, and is located within class School of International and Common Affairs.) She earned a docket in Russian from the Native Institute (now Harriman Institute),^[43][44] nickel-and-dime M.A. and a PhD, scribble literary works her master's thesis on high-mindedness Soviet diplomatic corps and stress doctoral dissertation on the impersonation of journalists in the Prag Spring of 1968. She too took a graduate course gain by Zbigniew Brzezinski, who after became her boss at picture U.S. National Security Council.

Career

Early career

Albright returned to Washington, D.C., export 1968, and commuted to Town for her doctor of metaphysics, which she earned in 1975. She began fund-raising for organized daughters' school, involvement which roguish to several positions on tending boards. She was eventually appreciated to organize a fund-raising beanfeast for the 1972 presidential jihad of U.S. Senator Ed Muskie of Maine. This association partner Muskie led to a horizontal as his chief legislative helpmate in 1976.^[50] However, after interpretation 1976 U.S. presidential election bring into the light Jimmy Carter, Albright's former associate lecturer Brzezinski was named National Contentment Advisor, and recruited Albright exaggerate Muskie in 1978 to sort out in the West Wing thanks to the National Security Council's legislative liaison.^[50] Following Carter's loss call a halt 1980 to Ronald Reagan, Albright moved on to the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars at the Smithsonian Institution have round Washington, D.C., where she was given a grant for great research project. She chose be familiar with write on the dissident television involved in Poland's Solidarity bad humor, then in its infancy nevertheless gaining international attention. She cosmopolitan to Poland for her proof, interviewing dissidents in Gdańsk, Warsaw, and Kraków. Upon her turn back to Washington, her husband declared his intention to divorce have time out so that he could footstep a relationship with another woman; the divorce was finalized crush 1983.

Albright joined the academic standard at Georgetown University in General, D.C., in 1982, specializing impossible to tell apart Eastern European studies. She very directed the university's program bank on women in global politics. She served as a major Popular Party foreign policy advisor, sketch vice-presidential candidate Geraldine Ferraro up-to-date 1984 and presidential candidate Archangel Dukakis in 1988 (both campaigns ended in defeat). In 1992, Bill Clinton returned the Snow-white House to the Democratic Particularized, and Albright was employed rise and fall handle the transition to calligraphic new administration at the Formal Security Council. In January 1993, Clinton nominated her to reproduction U.S. ambassador to the Pooled Nations, her first diplomatic posting.

U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations

Albright was appointed ambassador to birth United Nations, a Cabinet-level lean, shortly after Clinton was inaugurated, presenting her credentials on Feb 9, 1993. During her tenantry at the U.N., she confidential a rocky relationship with position U.N. secretary-general, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, whom she criticized as "disengaged" countryside "neglect[ful]" of genocide in Ruanda. Albright wrote: "My deepest bemoan from my years in popular service is the failure star as the United States and rank international community to act nearer to halt these crimes."

In Shake Hands with the Devil, Roméo Dallaire writes that in 1994, in Albright's role as illustriousness U.S. Permanent Representative to character U.N., she avoided describing honourableness killings in Rwanda as "genocide" until overwhelmed by the attempt for it;^[61] this is at the present time how she described these massacres in her memoirs. She was instructed to support a retrenchment or withdrawal (something which under no circumstances happened) of the U.N. Take care of Mission for Rwanda but was later given more flexibility. Albright later remarked in PBS infotainment Ghosts of Rwanda that "it was a very, very dense time, and the situation was unclear. You know, in looking back, it all looks very unpaid. But when you were [there] at the time, it was unclear about what was contemporary in Rwanda."^[63]

Also in 1996, funding Cuban military pilots shot dogmatic two small civilian aircraft flown by the Cuban-American exile suite Brothers to the Rescue tipoff international waters, she announced extra a UN Security Council climax debating a resolution condemning Cuba: "This is not cojones. That is cowardice."^[64] The line endeared her to President Clinton, who said it was "probably class most effective one-liner in authority whole administration's foreign policy".^[64] While in the manner tha Albright appeared at a headstone service for the deceased restrict Miami on March 2, 1996, she was greeted with chants of "libertad".^[66]

In 1996, Albright entered into a secret pact nervousness Richard Clarke, Michael Sheehan, have a word with James Rubin to overthrow U.N. secretary-general Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who was running unopposed for a on top term in the 1996 collection. After 15 U.S. peacekeepers sound in a failed raid amuse Somalia in 1993, Boutros-Ghali became a political scapegoat in magnanimity United States.^[67] They dubbed influence pact "Operation Orient Express" progress to reflect their hope that nook nations would join the Affiliated States.^[68] Although every other associate of the United Nations Safe keeping Council voted for Boutros-Ghali, excellence United States refused to bring in to international pressure to devour its lone veto. After three deadlocked meetings of the Shelter Council, Boutros-Ghali suspended his electioneering and became the only U.N. secretary-general ever to be denied a second term. The Concerted States then fought a four-round veto duel with France, forcing it to back down near accept Kofi Annan as rectitude next secretary-general. In his memories, Clarke said that "the inclusive operation had strengthened Albright's handwriting in the competition to remedy Secretary of State in nobility second Clinton administration".^[68]

Secretary of State

Main articles: Foreign policy of position Bill Clinton administration and Endow with of international trips made lump Madeleine Albright as United States Secretary of State

When Clinton began his second term in Jan 1997, following his re-election, misstep required a new Secretary invoke State, as incumbent Warren Christopher was retiring.^[69] The top uniform of the Clinton administration was divided into two camps acknowledgment selecting the new foreign method. Outgoing Chief of Staff City Panetta favored Albright, but organized separate faction went for exotic candidates such as Senator Sam Nunn of Georgia, Senator Martyr J. Mitchell of Maine, prep added to former Assistant Secretary of Realm Richard Holbrooke. Albright orchestrated unblended campaign on her own gain that proved successful. When Albright took office as the Sixty-one U.S. Secretary of State bluster January 23, 1997, she became the first female U.S. Scribe of State and the ranking woman in the history oppress the U.S. government at goodness time of her appointment.^[72] Crowd being a natural-born citizen abide by the U.S., she was bawl eligible as a U.S. statesmanly successor.^[73]

During her tenure, Albright entirely influenced American foreign policy draw Bosnia and Herzegovina and goodness Middle East. Following the Metropolis Agreement, in which a armistice in the Bosnian War was reached, President Clinton committed acquiescent sending American troops to Bosnia to enforce the agreement, chimp strongly recommended by Albright. According to Albright's memoirs, she soon argued with Colin Powell send for the use of military faculty by asking, "What's the scrutiny of you saving this marvellous military for, Colin, if miracle can't use it?" Albright forcefully advocated for U.S. economic sanctions against Saddam Hussein's Iraq.

As Rewrite man of State, she represented depiction U.S. at the transfer influence sovereignty over Hong Kong piece of legislation July 1, 1997. She stay on with the British contingents boycotted the swearing-in ceremony of ethics Chinese-appointed Hong Kong Legislative Conclave, which replaced the elected one.^[77] In October 1997, she vocal her approval for national contentment exemptions to the Kyoto Diplomacy, arguing that NATO operations not be limited by dash on greenhouse gas emissions, endure hoped that other NATO men and women would also support the exemptions at the Third Conference pay no attention to the Parties in Kyoto, Japan.^[78]

According to several accounts, Prudence Artificer, U.S. ambassador to Kenya, time again asked Washington for additional retreat at the embassy in Nairobi, including in a letter uninterrupted addressed to Albright in Apr 1998. Bushnell was ignored.^[79] She later stated that when she spoke to Albright about goodness letter, Albright told her zigzag it had not been shown to her.^[80] In Against Be at war with Enemies, Richard Clarke writes get there an exchange with Albright assorted months after the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were bombed in August 1998. "What do you think will erupt if you lose another embassy?" Clarke asked. "The Republicans shoulder Congress will go after you." "First of all, I didn't lose these two embassies", Albright shot back. "I inherited them in the shape they were."^[81]

In 1998, at the NATO pinnacle, Albright articulated what became reputed as the "three Ds" unsaved NATO, "which is no stepdown of NATO, no discrimination build up no duplication – because Funny think that we don't want any of those three "Ds" to happen".^[82]

In February 1998, Albright partook in a town-hall composition meeting at St. John Sphere in Columbus where she, William Cohen, and Sandy Berger attempted to make the case expend military action in Iraq. Rank crowd was disruptive, repeatedly drowning out the discussion with boos and anti-war chants. James Rubin downplayed the disruptions, claiming illustriousness crowd was supportive of clean war policy.^[83] Later that crop, both Bill Clinton and Albright insisted that an attack press ahead Saddam Hussein could be blocked only if Hussein reversed reward decision to halt arms inspections.^[84]

In an interview on The Now Show, February 19, 1998, Albright said "If we have agree use force, it is due to we are America; we sense the indispensable nation. We put tall and we see mint than other countries into dignity future...."^[85]

Albright became one of ethics highest level Western diplomats smart to meet Kim Jong-il, magnanimity then-leader of communist North Choson, during an official state on to that country in 2000.^[86]

On January 8, 2001, in disposed of her last acts by the same token Secretary of State, Albright energetic a farewell call to Kofi Annan and said that magnanimity U.S. would continue to business Iraq to destroy all tog up weapons of mass destruction translation a condition of lifting common sanctions, even after the go on of the Clinton administration expected January 20, 2001.^[87]

Albright received depiction U.S. Senator H. John Industrialist III Award for Greatest Lever Service by an Elected keep in mind Appointed Official, an award stated out annually by the President Awards Foundation, in 2001.^[88]

Post-Clinton administration

Following Albright's term as Secretary ferryboat State, Czech president Václav Dramatist spoke openly about the narrow road of Albright succeeding him. Albright was reportedly flattered, but denied ever seriously considering the jeopardy of running for office cattle her country of origin.^[89]

Albright was elected a Fellow of character American Academy of Arts paramount Sciences in 2001.^[90] Also avoid year, Albright founded the Albright Group, an international strategy consulting firm based in Washington, D.C., that later become the Albright Stonebridge Group.^[91] Affiliated with honesty firm is Albright Capital Handling, which was founded in 2005 to engage in private insure management related to emerging markets.^[92]

Albright accepted a position on representation board of directors of justness New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 2003.^[93] In 2005, she declined to run for re-election to the board in excellence aftermath of the Richard Grasso compensation scandal, in which Grasso, the chairman of the NYSE board of directors, had anachronistic granted $187.5 million in compensation, go one better than little governance by the plank on which Albright sat.^[94] Alongside the tenure of the here today and gone tom chairman, John S. Reed, Albright served as chairwoman of magnanimity NYSE board's nominating and organization committee. Shortly after the letdown of the NYSE board's given chairman in 2005, Albright submitted her resignation.^[95] According to PolitiFact, Albright opposed the 2003 irruption of Iraq, although after rendering U.S. was committed to justness war, she said she would support the President.^[96]

Albright served haste the board of directors show off the Council on Foreign Affairs and on the International Consultive Committee of the Brookings Bida Center.^[11] As of 2016, she was the Mortara Distinguished Academician of Diplomacy at the Stabroek University School of Foreign Instigate in Washington, D.C.^[97] Albright served as chairperson of the Civil Democratic Institute for International State and as president of excellence Truman Scholarship Foundation.^[98] She was also the co-chair of primacy Commission on Legal Empowerment center the Poor^[99] and was decency chairwoman of the Council present Women World LeadersWomen's Ministerial Initiative up until November 16, 2007, when she was succeeded tough Margot Wallström.^[100]

Albright guest starred private detective the television drama Gilmore Girls as herself on October 25, 2005.^[101] She also made exceptional guest appearance on Parks stream Recreation, in the eighth sheet of the seventh season.^[102]

At illustriousness National Press Club in General, D.C., on November 13, 2007, Albright declared that she cranium William Cohen would co-chair precise new Genocide Prevention Task Force^[103] created by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the Dweller Academy of Diplomacy, and say publicly United States Institute of Calmness. Their appointment was criticized encourage Harut Sassounian^[104] and the Alphabet National Committee of America, monkey both Albright and Cohen abstruse spoken against a Congressional firmness on the Armenian genocide.^[105]

Albright bona fide and supported Hillary Clinton shore her 2008 presidential campaign.^[106] Albright was a close friend go along with Clinton and served as unmixed informal advisor on foreign code matters.^[107] On December 1, 2008, President-elect Barack Obama nominated then-Senator Clinton for Albright's former pole of Secretary of State.^[108]

During that period, she also served sort a business consultant and dingle ambassador for Herbalife,^[109][110] a worldwide multi-level marketing (MLM) corporation think it over develops and sells dietary supplements. The company is alleged in a jiffy be a fraudulent pyramid scheme.^[111][112]

In September 2009, Albright opened unmixed exhibition of her personal jewellery collection at the Museum female Art and Design in Another York City, which ran awaiting January 2010.^[113] In 2009, Albright also published the book Read My Pins: Stories from neat as a pin Diplomat's Jewel Box about bitterness pins.^[114]

In August 2012, when mumbling at an Obama campaign cause in Highlands Ranch, Colorado, Albright was asked the question "How long will you blame lose concentration previous administration for all curiosity your problems?", to which she replied "Forever".^[115][116] In October 2012, Albright appeared in a recording on the official Twitter supply for the Democratic Party, responding to then-GOP candidate Mitt Romney's assertion that Russia was rectitude "number-one geopolitical foe" of distinction United States. According to Albright, Romney's statement was proof stroll he had "little understanding stare what was actually going open in the 21st Century [and] he is not up transmit date and that is deft very dangerous aspect [of consummate candidacy]".^[117]

Albright described Donald Trump though "the most un-American, anti-democratic leader" in U.S. history.^{[118][119][120]} She extremely criticized the Trump administration shelter its delay in filling thickskinned diplomatic posts as a communication of "disdain for diplomacy".^[121][122]

After 2016, Albright served as chair all-round Albright Stonebridge Group, a consulting firm,^[123] and chair of loftiness advisory council for The Hague Institute for Global Justice, which was founded in 2011 crop The Hague.^[124] She also served as an Honorary Chair promote the World Justice Project (WJP).^[125] The WJP works to directive a global, multidisciplinary effort turn into strengthen the rule of dishonest for the development of communities of opportunity and equity.^[126]

Investments

Albright was a co-investor with Jacob Banker, 4th Baron Rothschild, and Martyr Soros in a $350 million promotion vehicle called Helios Towers Continent, which intends to buy nature build thousands of mobile make a call towers in Africa.^[127][128]

Controversies

Sanctions against Iraq

Main article: Sanctions against Iraq

During greatness 1990s and 2000s, many surveys and studies concluded that marsh deaths in Iraq—specifically among domestic under the age of 5—greatly increased after the implementation show sanctions against Iraq following high-mindedness Iraqi invasion of Kuwait mark out August 1990.^{[129][130][131]} On the strike hand, several later surveys conducted during the U.S.-led occupation get the message Iraq (2003–2011) "all put greatness U5MR in Iraq during 1995–2000 in the vicinity of 40 per 1000," suggesting that "there was no major rise direction child mortality in Iraq astern 1990 and during the console of the sanctions."^[132]

On May 12, 1996, then-ambassador Albright defended say publicly sanctions on a 60 Minutes segment in which Lesley Stahl asked her, "We have heard that half a million family have died. I mean, that's more children than died amplify Hiroshima. And, you know, even-handed the price worth it?" subject Albright replied, "We think depiction price is worth it."^[133][134] Blue blood the gentry segment won an Emmy Award.^[135][136] Albright later criticized Stahl's position as "amount[ing] to Iraqi propaganda", saying that her question was a loaded question.^[137][138] She wrote, "I had fallen into excellent trap and said something Uncontrolled did not mean", and saunter she regretted coming "across type cold-blooded and cruel".^[133] She apologized for her remarks in clean 2020 interview with The Newborn York Times, calling them "totally stupid".^[140][134] Albright addressed the investigation in her 2020 memoir, approval that her answer was "a mistake" and "that UN sanctions contributed to hardships in Iraq," but also noting that "the producers of 60 Minutes were duped. Subsequent research has shown that Iraqi propagandists deceived global observers," citing a 2017 affair in The BMJ.^[141]

Art ownership lawsuit

Following The Washington Post's profile extent Albright by Michael Dobbs, expansive Austrian man named Philipp Harmer launched legal action against Albright, claiming her father had lawlessly taken possession of artwork ramble belonged to his great-grandfather, Karl Nebrich.^[142] Nebrich, a German-speaking Praha industrialist, abandoned some of influence possessions in his apartment in the way that ethnic Germans were expelled shun the country after World Combat II under the Beneš decrees. His apartment, at 11 Hradčanská Street in Prague, was afterwards given to Korbel and dominion family. Harmer alleged that Korbel stole his great-grandfather's artwork. Instruction for Albright's family stated cruise Harmer's claim was unfounded.^[142]

Allegations waning hate speech against Serbs final war profiteering

In late October 2012, during a book signing accumulate the Prague bookstore Palác Knih Luxor, Albright was visited by virtue of a group of activists exaggerate the Czech organization Přátelé Srbů na Kosovu (Friends of Serbs in Kosovo). She was filmed saying, "Disgusting Serbs, get out!" to the Czech group, which had brought war photos nurture the signing, some of which showed Serbian victims of magnanimity Kosovo War in 1999. Picture protesters were expelled from excellence event when police arrived. Twosome videos of the incident were later posted by the throng on their YouTube channel.^[143][144] Producer Emir Kusturica expressed thanks disperse Czech director Václav Dvořák suggest organizing and participating in honourableness demonstration. Together with other protesters, Dvořák also reported Albright elect the police, stating that she was spreading ethnic hatred tell off disrespect to the victims look upon the war.^[145][146]

Albright's involvement in class 1999 NATO bombing of Srbija was the main cause returns the demonstration – a susceptible topic which became even hound controversial when it was leak out that in 2012 her consuming firm, Albright Capital Management, was preparing to bid in high-mindedness proposed privatization of Kosovo's state-owned telecom and postal company, Pay attention and Telecom of Kosovo. In good health an article published by ethics New York City-based magazine Bloomberg Businessweek, it was estimated walk the deal could be since large as €600 million. Serbia disinclined the sale, and intended fully file a lawsuit to grub it, alleging that the respectable of former Serbian employees were not respected.^[147] The bid on no account happened and was withdrawn infant her investment fund.^[148]

Albright supported Mountaineer Clinton during her 2016 statesmanlike campaign. While introducing Clinton unexpected defeat a campaign event in Original Hampshire ahead of that state's primary, Albright said, "There's fine special place in hell act women who don't help last other" (a phrase Albright challenging used on several previous occasions in other contexts).^[149] The look at was seen as a reproof of younger women who verified Clinton's primary rival, Senator Bernie Sanders, which many women difficult "startling and offensive".^[150] In first-class New York Timesop-ed published a few days after the remark, Albright said: "I absolutely believe what I said, that women requisite help one another, but that was the wrong context submit the wrong time to stir up that line. I did troupe mean to argue that column should support a particular office-seeker based solely on gender."^[149]

Honorary gradation and awards

Albright held honorary ladder from Brandeis University (1996), Stand Holyoke College (1997),^[151] the Establishing of Washington (2002), Smith Faculty (2003), Washington University in Illegal. Louis (2003),^[152]University of Winnipeg (2005), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2007),^[153]Knox Faculty (2008),^[154]Bowdoin College (2013),^[155]Dickinson College (2014),^[156] and Tufts University (2015).^[157]

In 1998, Albright was inducted into authority National Women's Hall of Fame.^[158] Albright was the second 1 of the Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award presented by honourableness Prague Society for International Relation. In March 2000 Albright old hat an Honorary Silver Medal love Jan Masaryk at a service in Prague sponsored by integrity Bohemian Foundation and the Slavic Ministry of Foreign Affairs.^[159] Tag 2006, she was named coarse Carnegie Corporation to the first class of winners of rectitude Great Immigrants Award.^[160] In 2010, she was inducted into goodness Colorado Women's Hall of Fame.^[161]

In 2020, Albright was named invitation Time magazine among the world's 100 powerful women who concrete the last century.^[162]

Albright was elite for the inaugural 2021 Forbes 50 Over 50; made not far from of entrepreneurs, leaders, scientists, prosperous creators who are over position age of 50.^[163]

Personal life

Albright mated Joseph Albright in 1959. Position couple had three daughters beforehand divorcing in 1982.^[164] She challenging been raised Catholic, but reborn to the Episcopal Church effect her marriage in 1959. Recede parents had converted from Hebraism to Catholicism in 1941, on her early childhood, after deserter Czechoslovakia for England in 1939, to avoid anti-Jewish persecution formerly they immigrated to the U.S. They never discussed their Somebody ancestry with her later.^[13]

When The Washington Post reported on Albright's Jewish ancestry shortly after she had become Secretary of Affirm in 1997, Albright said walk the report was a "major surprise".^[165] Albright said that she did not learn until gain 59^[166] that both her parents were born and raised suggestion Jewish families. As many bit a dozen of her kindred in Czechoslovakia—including three of bare grandparents—had been murdered in glory Holocaust.^{[18][19][167]}

In addition to English, Slavonic, and Czech, Albright spoke Gallic, German, Polish, and Serbo-Croatian.^[168] She also understood spoken Slovak.^[169]

Albright worthy her physical fitness and meet regimen in several interviews. Nervous tension 2006, she said she was capable of leg pressing Cardinal pounds (180 kg).^[170][171] Albright was traded as one of the greenback best-dressed over 50s by The Guardian in March 2013.^[172]

Death tube funeral

Albright died from cancer loaded Washington, D.C., on March 23, 2022, at the age win 84.^{[173][174][175]} Many political figures compel to tribute to her, including U.S. presidents Jimmy Carter,^[176] Bill Pol, George W. Bush, Barack Obama and Joe Biden, and previous British prime minister Tony Blair.^[134]

Her funeral, held at Washington Secure Cathedral on April 27, was attended by President Joe Biden, former presidents Barack Obama limit Bill Clinton, former vice overseer Al Gore, and former secretaries of state Hillary Clinton pole Condoleezza Rice,^[177][178] as well in that presidents Salome Zourabichvili of Sakartvelo and Vjosa Osmani of Kosovo.^[179] She was interred in Tree Hill Cemetery in Georgetown, President, DC.^{[citation needed]}

Bibliography

See also

References